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...ife]] a little above the level of farce and gives it some of the [[grace]] of tragedy.]] ...ysicist. He was awarded the 1979 [[w:Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize in Physics]] (with colleagues [[Abdus Salam]] and [[w:Sheldon Lee Glashow|Sheldon Glas ...

...about 8 minutes 17 seconds to travel the average distance from the surface of the Sun to the Earth.]] ...ce and time using c, which also appears in the famous equivalence relation of mass and energy, E = mc². ...

...own for her landmark contributions to [[abstract algebra]] and theoretical physics. ...:University of Erlangen-Nuremberg#History|Erlangen]] and in [[w:University of Göttingen|Göttingen]]. Above all I am indebted to Mr. [[w:Ernst Sigismund F ...

...at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT), Founding Director of T. D. Lee Institute and Chief Scientist at the Wilczek Quantum Center, [[w: ...ng of the forces that govern our universe and revealed an inspiring vision of a world that embodies mathematical beauty." ...

...al to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. ...], [[#U–Z|U–Z]]<br />[[#The Origins of Modern Science (1949)|''The Origins of Modern Science'' (1949)]]<br />[[#See also|See also]], [[#External links|Ex ...

...of Hamilton's Oct. 16, 1843 flash of discovery of the fundamental equation of quaternion multiplication:<center><math>\mathbf{i}^2=\mathbf{j}^2=\mathbf{k ...space, or equivalently, as the quotient of two [[w:Vector (mathematics and physics)|vector]]s. It is studied in [[pure mathematics]] and applied to [[mechanic ...

...ng]] may be regarded rather schematically as the exercise of a combination of two facilities, which we may call ''[[intuition]]'' and ''[[ingenuity]]''.] ...r|general-purpose computer]]. Turing is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer science and [[artificial intelligence]]. ...

...manual with the cerebral, and of practice, experimentation, and the growth of technology with theory. ...ng; ...Portuguese seamen had clarified many doubts and shown the existence of the [[wiktionary:antipodes#Noun|antipodes]] etc.. ...

...le]]. He was Professor of Mathematical Physics at the California Institute of Technology and Princeton University. ...a state in which each physical unit—perhaps each nebula or intimate group of nebulae—is the only thing which exists within its own observable universe. ...

...ourier.JPG|thumb|right|Profound study of nature is the most fertile source of mathematical discoveries.]] ...n of [[w:Fourier series|Fourier series]] and their application to problems of [[w:heat flow|heat flow]]. The [[w:Fourier transform|Fourier transform]] is ...

...physical theories, as well as described in a more uniform way the workings of the universe at both the supergalactic and subatomic levels. ...res. Almost anyone can hit the side of a barn at forty yards with a charge of buckshot. ...

...pergravity example of this type to be found, ''N'' = 4 supergravity is one of the most interesting. In this case there are two scalar fields and the symm ...heory, though it may allow many different vacua. ... Three different kinds of dualities, called [[w:S-duality|''S'']], [[w:T-duality|''T'']], and [[w:U-d ...

...fields of statistical mechanics and statistical thermodynamics. He was one of the most important advocates for atomic theory which was still highly contr ** "Theoretical Physics and Philosophical Problems, Selected Writings", Ludwig Boltzmann, ed. B. Mc ...

...circular rings and a minimal surface, specifically a {{w|minimal surface of revolution}}.<br />The catenary is also called the '''alysoid''', '''chaine ...on the string created a mesh of 'transformed' catenary curves. The arches of these transformed catenaries were the most stable curves to withstand a cor ...

...on}}s have accumulated from the [[w:Leaching (chemistry)|leaching]] action of water on Earth's minerals over eons, and thus sodium and {{w|chlorine}} are ...m was first isolated by [[Humphry Davy]] in 1807 by the {{w|electrolysis}} of {{w|sodium hydroxide}}. Among many other useful sodium compounds, {{w|sodiu ...

...quations, and if one has really a sound [[insight]], one is on a sure line of [[progress]].]] ...a State University]], and a 1933 [[w:Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize in Physics]] recipient. ...

[[File:Oresme.jpg|thumbnail|right|Portrait of Nicole Oresme]] ...ance|Charles V of France]], and probably one of the most original thinkers of the 14th century. ...

...x|<center>An Experiment on a Bird in an Air Pump<br />by {{w|Joseph Wright of Derby}}</center>]] ...as one might have in a laboratory or in space. In engineering and applied physics on the other hand, vacuum refers to any space in which the pressure is lowe ...

...her for the first time electricity, magnetism, and light as manifestations of the same phenomenon. ...tion]]'', ''[[The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell]]'', ''[[Theory of Heat]]'', ...

...tably the invention of the {{w|cellular automaton}} with {{w|Conway's Game of Life}}. ...fessorship at [[Princeton University]] for the rest of his career. He died of complications from [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]] at age 82. ...