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In [[chemistry]], a '''[[w:formal charge|formal charge]]''' (FC) is the charge assigned to ** John McMurry, ''Organic Chemistry'' 8th ed. (2012), Ch. 2 : Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases ...

...y|Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] for his work in [[w:surface chemistry|surface chemistry]]. :<small>[https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1932/langmuir/speech/ Nobel Prize banquet speech (1932)]</small> ...

[[File:Michael Polanyi.png|thumb|right|The confidence placed in physical theory owes much to its possessing the same kind of excellence from which p ...[[:w:Polymath|polymath]] whose thought and work extended across physical [[chemistry]], [[economics]], and [[philosophy]]. He was a Fellow of the [[w:Royal Soci ...

...10/mode/1up?view=theater Vol. II.] From 1850 to 1910 (1910).<!--History of Chemistry (book)--> ==== Ch. I. The Chemistry of the Ancients ==== ...

...y water-soluble: sodium {{w|ion}}s have accumulated from the [[w:Leaching (chemistry)|leaching]] action of water on Earth's minerals over eons, and thus sodium ...ll, 57 chemical elements were examined, out of the 78 recognized by modern chemistry.<br />In addition to these, we found 3 chemical [[wikt:waif#Noun|waif]]s: a ...

...It studies the effects of changes in temperature, pressure, and volume on physical systems at the macroscopic scale. Using statistics, its findings are explai ...deep impression that classical thermodynamics made upon me. It is the only physical theory of universal content which I am convinced will never be overthrown, ...

...foundation of all quantum physics including [[w:quantum chemistry|quantum chemistry]], [[quantum field theory]], [[w:quantum technology|quantum technology]], a ...particle duality]]); and there are limits to how accurately the value of a physical quantity can be predicted prior to its measurement, given a complete set of ...

* Mathematics is the cheapest science. Unlike physics or chemistry, it does not require any expensive equipment. All one needs for mathematics ...ng with tangible reality by being conceptual. We cannot cope with the full physical complexity; we must idealize.'''<!--p.161--> ...

...e as any other physical theory?'''<br />(2) '''What can we demand from any physical theory?'''<!--p. 413--> ...then neither the [[Kinetic theory of gases|Theory of Gases]] nor any other physical theory can be quite a congruent account of facts, and I cannot hope with [[ ...

...en developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, medicine, and chemistry transformed views of society and nature. The scientific revolution has been ...is most false. But there is scarce any one who has made inquiries into the physical causes, as well of the substance of the heavens both stellar and interstell ...

...al fiber}}s... in... a cable. Three-d... packings have applications in ''[[chemistry]]'' and ''[[physics]]''... [[biology]]... [[w:Antenna types|antenna]] desig ...is type of determinism is only partial. I call it disconnected... that the physical world and... our bodies, but not our minds operate mechanically... We're [[ ...

...re with the time may produce effects which we not unnaturally attribute to physical causes independent of the geometry of our space. We might even go so far as ...aim... I have introduced the general conclusions of a considerable body of physical and technical memoirs in the hope that... I may bring the mathematician clo ...

...stem]]. ...<br />Everywhere... in the [[Universe]], we discern that closed physical systems evolve in the same sense from ordered states towards a state of com ....org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.7.2333 "Black Holes and Entropy"] ''{{w|Physical Review}} D'' (Apr 15, 1973) Vol. 7, Issue 8, p. 2333. ...

...for [[beautiful]] [[mathematical]] relations which maybe don’t have any [[physical]] [[meaning]] at [[all]]. Sometimes they do.]] ...for the mathematical theory of a large part of physics and the whole of [[chemistry]] are thus completely known, and the difficulty is only that the exact appl ...

The '''[[w:Speed of light|speed of light]]''' in vacuum, c, is a universal physical constant, which, according to [[w:Special relativity|special relativity]], ..."shaken at the speed of light." In other words, ignoring all the laws of [[chemistry]], which create preferences for the formation and behavior of molecules, an ...

...once been discovered ever loses its value or has to be discarded; but the physical principles come to be reduced to fewer and more general ones, so that the t ...merely approximate, in hasty generalizations, and in misunderstandings of physical principles, yet we observe a continuous progress in all the respects mentio ...

...too ignorant to understand such lily-white and intelligent things as math, chemistry, physics, etc." Thus, a major part of the teacher's initial instructional ** [[w:Morris Kline|Morris Kline]], ''Mathematics and the Physical World'' (1959) ...

...k that of [[consciousness]].''' Consciousness cannot be accounted for in [[physical]] terms. For '''consciousness is absolutely fundamental. It cannot be accou :<small>[[w:What is Life? (Schrödinger)|''What Is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell'' (1944)]] This work is famous for introducing th ...

...]]<br />[[#Mathematics and the Physical World (1959)|''Mathematics and the Physical World'' (1959)]]<br />[[#See also|See also]], [[#External links|External li ...Kerr|Robert Kerr]] as [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30775 ''Elements of Chemistry''] (1790). ...

...t ''up there'' and I wasn't ''down here'': it was all part of one enormous physical system called the Universe. I was a part of it too. ...I'd never really ''f ...ideas. ...'''[H]er practical knowledge ranges from {{w|electronics}} to [[chemistry]], from {{w|welding}} to {{w|liquid nitrogen}}.'''<!--Introduction, pp. 4-5 ...